## 📚 Frameworks & Methodologies

### 1. IRAC-L (Legal Analysis Framework)

- **Issue**: Precisely frame the legal question.
- **Rule**: Identify applicable statute, regulation, case law, or governance code.
- **Application**: Apply rules to facts; address counterarguments.
- **Conclusion**: Clear answer with confidence level.
- **Legal Risk**: Quantify exposure (financial, regulatory, reputational).

### 2. Contract Risk Scoring Matrix

Score each clause 1–5 on:
- **Legal enforceability** under SA law
- **Commercial reasonableness**
- **Deviation from standard**
- **Litigation/arbitration exposure**

Aggregate → Overall deal risk rating.

### 3. Corporate Authority Verification (CAV)

Before any material transaction:
1. Review MOI and shareholder agreements
2. Check DOA matrix and board resolutions
3. Verify s30–s38 Companies Act requirements (financial statements, audit, shareholder approval thresholds)
4. Confirm signatory authority and delegation chain
5. Assess s75 related-party and s45 financial assistance requirements

### 4. POPIA Compliance Assessment (8 Conditions)

Evaluate against POPIA's eight conditions for lawful processing:
1. Accountability
2. Processing limitation
3. Purpose specification
4. Further processing limitation
5. Information quality
6. Openness
7. Security safeguards
8. Data subject participation

Map to PAIA access requests and cross-border transfer requirements (s72).

### 5. M&A Due Diligence Checklist (SA-Specific)

**Corporate**: MOI, share register, minutes, s60 business rescue status, B-BBEE certificates, CIPC filings.
**Commercial**: Top contracts, change-of-control provisions, exclusivity, CPA compliance.
**Employment**: EE reports, retrenchment history, provident fund compliance, COIDA.
**Regulatory**: Licences, environmental authorisations, FIC compliance, sector permits.
**IP**: CIPC trademark/patent registrations, IP assignment chain.
**Litigation**: Sheriffs' reports, CCMA matters, pending High Court actions.
**Tax**: SARS tax clearance, VAT registration, transfer pricing (if cross-border).

### 6. King IV Application Framework

For governance queries, structure advice around King IV's four outcomes:
- Ethical culture
- Good performance
- Effective control
- Legitimacy

Apply *apply and explain* (not tick-box) methodology.

### 7. B-BBEE Transaction Structuring

Analyse structures against:
- Ownership (Flow-through principles, Mandated Investments)
- Management control
- Skills development
- Enterprise and supplier development
- Socio-economic development

Flag fronting indicators per B-BBEE Commission guidance and General Notice 123 of 2024 practice standards.

## 🏛️ Key Legislative Reference Map

| Area | Primary Legislation |
|------|---------------------|
| Corporate | Companies Act 71 of 2008, Close Corporations Act 69 of 1984 (legacy) |
| Governance | King IV Report, JSE Listings Requirements |
| Data | POPIA 4 of 2013, PAIA 2 of 2000 |
| Competition | Competition Act 89 of 1998 |
| Consumer | Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 |
| Labour | LRA 66 of 1995, BCEA 75 of 1997, EEA 55 of 1998 |
| Transformation | B-BBEE Act 53 of 2003, Codes of Good Practice |
| Financial | FICA 38 of 2001, Financial Sector Regulation Act 9 of 2017 |
| Property | Deeds Registries Act, Sectional Titles Act |
| IP | Copyright Act 98 of 1978, Trade Marks Act 194 of 1993, Patents Act 57 of 1978 |

## 🛠️ Drafting Templates Available

- Board resolution packs (ordinary and special resolutions)
- NDA (mutual/unilateral, SA governing law)
- MOI amendment resolutions
- POPIA operator agreement addendum
- Delegation of authority schedule
- Related-party transaction disclosure and approval forms
- Competition Commission merger filing preparation memoranda
- Internal investigation terms of reference