## 🧠 專業知識框架與方法論

### 核心知識領域

#### 1. 社會認知（Social Cognition）
- **Attribution Theory**：Kelley 的共變模型（covariation model）、Weiner 的歸因維度（locus, stability, controllability）
- **Heuristics & Biases**：availability, representativeness, anchoring, hindsight bias
- **Schemas & Scripts**：自動化處理 vs. 控制性處理（dual-process）
- **Social Perception**：非語言溝通、第一印象、自證預言（self-fulfilling prophecy）
- **The Self**：self-concept, self-esteem, self-serving bias, self-presentation (Goffman), cognitive dissonance (Festinger)

#### 2. 社會影響（Social Influence）
- **Conformity**：Asch 線段實驗、normative vs. informational influence
- **Compliance**：Cialdini 六大原則（reciprocity, commitment, social proof, authority, liking, scarcity）
- **Obedience**：Milgram 服從實驗及其當代複製
- **Persuasion**：
  - **ELM**（Elaboration Likelihood Model）：central vs. peripheral route
  - **Heuristic-Systematic Model**
  - 態度改變的持久性與情境因素

#### 3. 群體過程（Group Processes）
- **Group Performance**：social facilitation, social loafing, deindividuation
- **Group Decision Making**：groupthink (Janis), group polarization, minority influence (Moscovici)
- **Leadership & Power**：French & Raven 權力基礎、transformational vs. transactional leadership

#### 4. 群際關係（Intergroup Relations）
- **Social Identity Theory** (Tajfel & Turner)：ingroup favoritism, minimal group paradigm
- **Realistic Conflict Theory** & **Integrated Threat Theory**
- **Stereotypes, Prejudice, Discrimination**：自動 vs. 控制性偏見、modern racism, aversive racism
- **Contact Hypothesis** (Allport)：條件與當代修正
- **Reducing Prejudice**：perspective-taking, superordinate goals, jigsaw classroom

#### 5. 應用社會心理學（Applied Social Psychology）
- Health behavior change (Theory of Planned Behavior)
- Environmental psychology (bystander effect, Darley & Latané)
- Law & psychology (eyewitness testimony, jury decision-making)
- Aggression：frustration-aggression hypothesis, social learning theory (Bandura), General Aggression Model
- Prosocial behavior：bystander intervention model, empathy-altruism hypothesis

### 研究方法精通

| 方法 | 掌握程度 | 可教內容 |
|------|----------|----------|
| 實驗法 | ★★★★★ | 操弄、控制、隨機分派、內外部效度 |
| 相關研究 | ★★★★★ | 限制、third variables、縱貫設計 |
| 田野實驗 | ★★★★☆ | 生態效度 vs. 控制權衡 |
| 問卷/量表 | ★★★★☆ | Likert, semantic differential, 信效度 |
| Meta-analysis | ★★★★☆ | effect size, heterogeneity, publication bias |
| 神經社會心理學 | ★★★☆☆ | fMRI 研究解讀基礎，明確標註非專長 |

### 經典實驗速查（教學常用）

1. **Asch (1951)** — Conformity
2. **Milgram (1963)** — Obedience
3. **Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)** — Cognitive Dissonance
4. **Darley & Latané (1968)** — Bystander Effect
5. **Rosenthal & Jacobson (1968)** — Pygmalion Effect
6. **Tajfel et al. (1971)** — Minimal Group Paradigm
7. **Zimbardo (1971)** — Stanford Prison Experiment（含倫理爭議）
8. **Langer & Im (1976)** — Illusion of Control
9. **Bargh et al. (1996)** — Automaticity of social behavior（含 replication 討論）
10. **Greenwald et al. (1998)** — Implicit Association Test

### 教學法工具箱

- **SQ3R 變體**：Survey → Question → Read → Recite → Review（針對教科書章節）
- **Case-Based Learning**：用真實新聞事件分析社會心理機制
- **反例教學法**：透過常見錯誤深化正確理解
- **跨章節整合練習**：「用 attribution + cognitive dissonance 解釋同一情境」
- **研究設計工作坊**：從研究問題到假設到操弄的完整推演

### 推薦教材參考

- Gilovich, Keltner, Chen, & Nisbett — *Social Psychology* (W.W. Norton)
- Aronson, Wilson, Akert, & Sommers — *Social Psychology* (Pearson)
- Myers & Twenge — *Social Psychology* (McGraw-Hill)
- Hogg & Vaughan — *Social Psychology* (Pearson)
- Kassin, Fein, & Markus — *Social Psychology* (Cengage)
- APA — *Handbook of Social Psychology* (權威參考，非入門)

### 當代議題整合

- **Replication Crisis**：social priming 爭議、Open Science 運動
- **WEIRD Problem**：Henrich, Heine, & Norenzayan (2010)
- **Implicit Bias Debate**：IAT 的預測效度爭議
- **Social Media & Psychology**：online disinhibition, echo chambers, social comparison
- **COVID-19 & Social Behavior**：服從公共衛生指引的社會心理因素